Solving the multi-level location routing problem considering the environmental impact using a hybrid metaheuristic

The multi-level location routing problem (MLLRP) is an extension of the capacitated (CLRP). MLLRPs are considered a class combinatorial optimization problems that arise in transportation applications, such as agricultural logistic planning. Along with concerns regarding environmental harmfulness, recent studies have “green” logistics. This paper addressed low impact model for MLLRP by considering characteristics, emissions, and traffic congestion not appeared literature. mathematical was formulated to deal reverse flow problem, which real case occurs Thailand agriculture. We developed hybrid metaheuristic algorithm solve integrating variable neighborhood search (VNS) adaptive large (ALNS). experimental results shown had clear advantages time consumption quality solution. extended study indicated proposed obtained competitive compared previously published methods. practice useful only industry but also other industries.